Malaria (R21/RTS,S)
Malaria Vaccine R21/Matrix-M and RTS,S/AS01
Platform: Recombinant protein + adjuvant
Vaccine that protects against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, a leading cause of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.
PubMed References
Immunology Sections
Curated section analysis in progress
Structured immunology sections — mechanism, immune response, molecular signatures, correlates of protection, and more — are being prepared by the Precision Vaccines Program team. In the meantime, verified references and live literature from PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Wikipedia are available below.
Verified References
Wikipedia Overview
Full article ↗A Malaria vaccine is a vaccine that prevents malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease which affected an estimated 249 million people globally in 85 malaria-endemic countries and areas and caused 608,000 deaths in 2022. The first approved vaccine for malaria is RTS,S, known by the brand name Mosquirix. As of April 2023, the vaccine has been given to 1.5 million children living in areas with moderate-to-high malaria transmission. It requires at least three doses in infants by age 2, and a fourth dose extends the protection for another 1–2 years. The vaccine reduces hospital admissions from severe malaria by around 30%.
PubMed Literature
Search PubMed ↗No PubMed results retrieved.
Semantic Scholar
Search S2 ↗D. Macià, M. Pons-Salort, G. Moncunill et al. · 2025
7 citationsThe interaction of waning vaccine protection with changes in transmission intensity over time is shown and a series of counterfactual predictions are provided, illustrating how vaccine efficacy might differ, by between 10% and 20% in some cases, under alternative vaccination dates.
Aynalem Mandefro, Alebachew Kebede, Mitchel Katsvanga et al. · 2025
1 citationsA high Pfcsp genetic diversity is revealed highlighting the need for further studies to inform allele selection for universal or region-specific vaccine development as this may influence vaccine efficacy.
E. Ryan, Dallas R. Brown, William Harrison et al. · 2025
1 citationsHead-to-head comparisons of selected TMV vaccines and RTS,S revealed equivalent in vivo liver burden reduction and TMV-NPNAx20 was selected for clinical-grade antigen manufacture based on its equivalent reduction in parasite burden at lower antibody concentrations.
P. Tripathi, Ja-Hyun Koo, Xuejun Chen et al. · 2025
0 citationsData suggest the nanoparticle-formatted tandem-repeated CIS43-junctional vaccine to be a promising approach to broaden immunity against malaria, either as a standalone intervention or in combination with R21.
N. Venkatraman, A. Tiono, Georgina S. Bowyer et al. · 2024
7 citationsAssessment of the safety and immunogenicity of the malaria vaccine candidate, R21, administered with or without adjuvant Matrix-M in adults naïve to malaria infection and in healthy adults from malaria endemic areas found an acceptable safety profile.